Great Migration is a remarkable wildlife event where millions of wildebeest, zebras, and gazelles journey across the Serengeti in Tanzania and the Maasai Mara in Kenya in search of fresh grazing grounds and water. Driven by seasonal rains, this migration spans over 1,200 miles and showcases dramatic scenes of survival as animals face predators like lions and crocodiles, especially at perilous river crossings. Beginning in the southern Serengeti during calving season, the herds move northward, eventually crossing the Mara River before returning south. This cyclical movement sustains the ecosystem, supports predator species, and showcases the resilience of life. The Great Migration is one of nature’s most awe-inspiring displays, drawing global visitors to witness this incredible spectacle of life, survival, and renewal.
What Is the Great Migration? | Definition, History, Map, & Dates
The Great Migration is a continuous movement of around two million wildebeest, 200,000 zebras, and hundreds of thousands of gazelles. These animals migrate in a cyclical pattern across the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem in search of lush grazing grounds and water, following seasonal rains. This natural phenomenon has occurred for thousands of years and is guided by the landscape, predator populations, and the changing seasons.
The migration begins in the southern Serengeti plains, where wildebeest give birth to their young before they start their journey northward into the Maasai Mara. The migration cycle creates a predictable pattern, allowing travelers to witness different stages based on the time of year. The most iconic part of the journey is the Mara River crossing, where countless animals brave the river’s dangerous currents and hungry crocodiles to reach greener pastures.
Why Does the Great Migration Happen? | Causes and Facts
The Great Migration happens as a response to the natural cycle of rainfall, which dictates the availability of food and water across the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem. Wildebeest, zebras, and gazelles instinctively follow seasonal rain patterns, moving in search of lush grasslands for grazing. This annual journey, covering over 1,200 miles, helps ensure their survival in an environment with limited resources. The migration is also a vital part of the ecosystem, supporting predator species such as lions, cheetahs, and crocodiles, who rely on the migrating herds for sustenance. In addition, this movement strengthens the herds by naturally selecting the fittest animals, creating a resilient population that can endure the challenges of this extraordinary journey.
What Makes the Great Migration River Crossing Special?
The Mara River crossing, which takes place between July and October, is often considered the pinnacle of the migration. This dramatic event sees thousands of animals rushing across the river, risking their lives to reach the Maasai Mara in Kenya. The crossing is perilous as crocodiles lurk in the waters, waiting to prey on weaker animals. The river crossing is symbolic of the herd’s tenacity and the cycle of life and death that defines the migration.
When Is the Great Migration in Serengeti National Park?
While the Great Migration occurs year-round each phase offers a different perspective on the wildlife and the landscape indicates when to go on your great migration safari? Here’s a breakdown of what to expect during each period:
The Great Migration in January, February, and March
During the early months of the year, the herds gather in the southern Serengeti plains and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. This is calving season, when over half a million wildebeest calves are born within a span of a few weeks. This season is marked by an abundance of food, allowing calves to grow strong enough for the long journey north. This period is also rich with predator activity, as lions, cheetahs, and hyenas capitalize on the vulnerability of the young.
The Great Migration in April and May
As the rainy season arrives, the herds start moving northwest toward the Serengeti’s central and western regions. This part of the journey is less predictable, as the animals spread across a vast area. The lush vegetation provides ample food, though the rain can make the terrain challenging to navigate. April and May are excellent months for quieter game viewing since fewer tourists are present.
The Great Migration in June and July
June marks the beginning of the dry season, with the herds converging in the Grumeti River region. The river crossing here less intense than the Mara River but still offers thrilling sightings as the herds face crocodiles and challenging riverbanks. In July, the herds move closer to the northern Serengeti and prepare for the Mara River crossing, one of the most spectacular and anticipated events of the migration.
The Great Migration in August, September, and October
Between August and October, the herds cross the Mara River into the Maasai Mara Reserve. This stage is dramatic and dangerous as herds face strong currents and crocodiles. Once across, they graze in the Mara, replenishing their energy before the return journey south. This period also brings some of the highest predator densities, making it ideal for observing intense wildlife interactions.
The Great Migration in November and December
As the short rains begin, the herds start moving southward back toward the Serengeti. By December, the wildebeest are scattered across the eastern Serengeti, completing the migration’s full circle. This phase quieter period. Allowing visitors to experience the migration without the crowds and enjoy the lush. Green landscape as it comes alive with new life.
Where to See the Great Migration?
The best spots to witness the Great Migration vary based on the season and specific migration stage. In the southern Serengeti, calving season (January to March) provides excellent viewing, especially for those interested in predator-prey dynamics. For river crossings, the Mara River in the northern Serengeti and Maasai Mara are ideal from July to October. The Grumeti River in western Serengeti also offers a river crossing in June, though it’s typically less crowded.
Where to Stay During the Great Migration in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
Choosing accommodation during the Great Migration depends on which part of the event you want to see. The Serengeti offers a range of options to cater to every traveler’s needs. Great Migration Lodges and Tented Camps
Southern Serengeti (January to March): Ideal for calving season, this region has mobile camps that follow the migration.
Central Serengeti (April to May): Offers comfortable lodges and camps with easy access to the heart of the migration.
Western Serengeti and Grumeti River (June): Home to exclusive camps positioned near river crossing points.
Northern Serengeti and Mara River (July to October): Luxurious tented camps and lodges with direct access to the Mara River crossing.
Eastern Serengeti (November to December): A quieter, scenic area where lodges provide views of the migration as it returns south.
All You Need to Know About the Great Migration River Crossings
The river crossings at the Grumeti and Mara Rivers are iconic yet unpredictable. While it’s impossible to determine the exact timing of the crossings, they generally occur in June for the Grumeti River and between July and October for the Mara River. These crossings involve thousands of animals, creating a spectacle that’s both exhilarating and heartbreaking.
Why Does the Great Migration in Africa Occur?
The Great Migration occurs as part of the natural cycle of rainfall, grazing, and predator-prey relationships. This journey ensures the survival of species by maximizing access to food and water. Rainfall patterns are the primary driver, as herds move toward regions where fresh grass is plentiful. Predators play a crucial role in maintaining the health of the herds by weeding out weaker individuals, thus strengthening the population. The migration cycle includes the following periods:
December–April: Calving season takes place in the southeast of Seronera
May–July: The herd prepares for the migration
August–September: The herd crosses the Mara River
October–November: The herd crosses the northern plains and Lobo area
Calving Season: The Great Migration’s Best Kept Secret
Calving season (January to March) is one of the most intimate experiences of the migration, as the Serengeti plains become dotted with young wildebeest. This time is less crowded with tourists and allows for close encounters with newborns and their mothers. Predators flock to the area, creating thrilling scenes as they hunt vulnerable calves. For wildlife enthusiasts, calving season is a beautiful period to witness new life amidst the raw beauty of the Serengeti.
The Great Migration: A Guide’s Perspective
Experienced guides offer invaluable insights into the Great Migration, as they understand the terrain and animal behavior. They provide safety, share in-depth knowledge of animal behavior and know the best vantage points for observing each phase of the migration. Their expertise makes the experience richer, helping travelers appreciate the magnitude of this natural phenomenon.
The Great Migration is a marvel of the natural world, an awe-inspiring display of life and survival. From witnessing the birth of new life to the adrenaline-charged river crossings every stage offers a unique perspective on the animals’ journey.
Serengeti wildebeest migration explained with moving map
Discover the Serengeti wildebeest with an interactive moving map that traces the incredible journey of millions of wildebeest, zebras, and gazelles across Tanzania and Kenya. Explore each season’s path, including river crossings and calving areas, to understand this breathtaking natural spectacle and its survival-driven cycles.
A complete guide to the Great Migration in Africa
Explore Africa’s Great Migration with our comprehensive guide, detailing the incredible journey of millions of wildebeest, zebras, and gazelles across the Serengeti and Maasai Mara. Learn about the seasonal patterns, dramatic river crossings, and prime times to witness this awe-inspiring event. From calving season in the Serengeti to the Mara River crossings, our guide covers the best locations, key facts, and travel tips for experiencing the world’s largest wildlife migration. Discover everything you need to know for an unforgettable safari adventure in the heart of Africa’s wildlife.
