Everything You Need to Know About Arusha National Park.
Nestled at the foot of Mount Meru, Tanzania’s second-highest peak, lies Arusha National Park – a true hidden gem often overshadowed by the colossal reputation of the Serengeti and Ngorongoro. Yet, this relatively small park offers a surprising diversity of landscapes, intimate wildlife encounters, and a unique array of activities that make it an essential and often delightful starting point for any Tanzanian safari adventure.
More than just a quick stop on the way to bigger game parks, Arusha National Park is a microcosm of Tanzania’s natural beauty, offering stunning views, a rich variety of birdlife, and a chance to experience the African bush in ways that differ from the traditional game drive. This guide will unveil the charms of Arusha National Park, providing a complete overview for your visit.
1. Overview – Arusha National Park
Arusha National Park, covering approximately 137 square kilometers (53 sq mi), is located just a short drive from Arusha city, making it Tanzania’s most accessible national park. Despite its compact size, it boasts an incredibly varied topography and ecology:
Mount Meru: The park is dominated by the majestic Mount Meru, a dormant stratovolcano whose slopes rise dramatically from the plains.
Momella Lakes: A series of seven shallow, alkaline lakes, each with distinct mineral concentrations that give them varying shades of green and blue. These lakes are a magnet for water birds.
Ngurdoto Crater: Often called a “mini-Ngorongoro,” this smaller, marshy caldera is home to buffalo, warthogs, and various antelopes, though descent into it is not permitted.
Forests: Lush montane forests and dense acacia woodlands provide a habitat for primates, elephants, and unique forest-dwelling birds.
History: The park was established in 1960 and is a crucial part of the Northern Safari Circuit, offering activities beyond typical game drives.
Its close proximity to Arusha city means it’s an ideal choice for a day trip or a gentle introduction to the Tanzanian wilderness before embarking on longer safaris.
2. Safari Reviews – Arusha National Park
Safari reviews for Arusha National Park are consistently positive, particularly from visitors who appreciate its accessibility, diverse activities, and unique wildlife. Many reviewers highlight it as a pleasant surprise, offering a refreshing contrast to the more intense game-drive focused parks.
Key Highlights:
Walking Safaris: The opportunity to explore the park on foot with an armed ranger is frequently praised, allowing for a more intimate connection with the environment and a chance to see smaller creatures often missed from a vehicle.
Canoeing: The Momella Lakes offer unique canoe safaris (seasonal), which are a big hit for birdwatching and enjoying serene water-level views.
Colobus Monkeys: The chance to see the striking black-and-white colobus monkeys is often a standout.
Scenic Beauty: Reviewers rave about the stunning views of Mount Meru and, on clear days, Mount Kilimanjaro.
Common Feedback: While it doesn’t boast the “Big Five” (rhinos are absent, and lions/leopards are rarely seen due to dense vegetation and large buffalo populations), visitors find the unique experiences and accessible wildlife (giraffes, zebras, buffalo) more than compensate. It’s often recommended as a great warm-up for a longer safari.
3. Wildlife & Animals – Arusha National Park
Arusha National Park’s diverse habitats support a surprisingly wide range of wildlife, though it’s not known for the same high predator density as the Serengeti or Ngorongoro.
Primates:
Black-and-White Colobus Monkeys: These strikingly beautiful primates, with their long, flowing white tails, are a highlight and are commonly seen in the park’s montane forests.
Blue Monkeys & Vervet Monkeys: Also abundant and often seen in the forest areas.
Baboons: Large troops are common.
Large Mammals:
Giraffes: A prominent feature of the park’s open grasslands, often providing excellent photographic opportunities against the backdrop of Mount Meru.
Zebras: Large herds are commonly seen grazing alongside other herbivores.
Buffalo: Robust herds are present, particularly around Ngurdoto Crater and the Momella Lakes.
Elephants: While present, they are less common and often more elusive than in other parks like Tarangire.
Hippos: Found in the Momella Lakes and Ngurdoto Crater.
Antelopes: Various species like bushbucks, waterbucks, common reedbucks, and duikers can be spotted.
Predators:
Leopards: Present but extremely elusive and rarely seen due to dense vegetation.
Hyenas: Occasionally sighted.
Lions: Absent from the park.
Rhinos: Absent from the park.
4. Birds – Arusha National Park
Arusha National Park is a fantastic destination for birdwatchers, boasting over 400 recorded bird species due to its varied altitudes and habitats.
Water Birds: The Momella Lakes are a magnet for water birds.
Flamingos: Both Greater and Lesser Flamingos are often seen (seasonal), creating stunning pink spectacles on the alkaline lakes.
Pelicans: Great White Pelicans are commonly found.
Various ducks, geese, plovers, sandpipers, and waders.
Forest Birds: The lush montane forests are home to a diverse array of forest-dwelling species, including:
Trogons (e.g., Narina Trogon)
Turacos (e.g., Hartlaub’s Turaco)
Cinnamon Bracken Warblers
Red-fronted Parrot
Numerous colorful sunbirds
Raptors: The skies above the park are patrolled by various birds of prey, including African Fish Eagles, Ayres’s Hawk-Eagles, Augur Buzzards, and various kites.
Other Notable Birds: Look for Crowned Cranes in marshy areas, Hadada Ibises, and various starlings and weavers.
5. Best Time to Visit – Arusha National Park
Arusha National Park can be visited year-round, with each season offering a different appeal. However, the dry season is generally preferred for optimal wildlife viewing.
Dry Season (June to October):
Pros: This is the best time for general wildlife viewing as animals congregate around predictable water sources. Roads are dry and easily navigable. Skies are often clear, offering excellent views of Mount Meru and Kilimanjaro. It’s also ideal for walking safaris.
Cons: Can be dusty. Some water levels in Momella Lakes might be lower, affecting flamingo numbers.
Wet Season (November to May):
Pros: The landscape is lush and green, creating stunning photographic opportunities. This is the best time for birdwatching as migratory birds are present. Flamingo numbers on Momella Lakes often peak. Fewer tourists.
Cons: Roads can be muddy, potentially impacting accessibility. Visibility for wildlife can be challenging due to thicker vegetation. Short, heavy downpours can occur, usually in the afternoon. For a balance of pleasant weather and good wildlife viewing, June to October is ideal. For birdwatching and lush landscapes, November to May is excellent, provided you don’t mind some rain.
6. Weather & Climate – Arusha National Park
Arusha National Park experiences a temperate climate influenced by its altitude and proximity to Mount Meru, making it generally cooler and more pleasant than the lower-lying safari parks.
Altitude: The park ranges from approximately 1,500 meters (4,900 ft) at the Momella Lakes to over 4,500 meters (14,800 ft) on Mount Meru.
Temperatures:
Daytime: Generally mild to warm, ranging from 18-25°C (64-77°F).
Nights & Early Mornings: Can be cool, especially at higher altitudes, sometimes dropping to 10-15°C (50-59°F).
Rainfall:
Long Rains: March to May sees the heaviest rainfall, often characterized by afternoon thunderstorms.
Short Rains: November to December brings shorter, less intense rain showers.
Dry Season: June to October is typically dry with very little rainfall.
Layering is Key: Due to the varying altitudes and time of day, dressing in layers is highly recommended to adapt to changing temperatures.
7. Getting There – Arusha National Park
Arusha National Park is the most accessible park on Tanzania’s Northern Safari Circuit.
By Road:
It’s located just 30-45 minutes’ drive from Arusha city center, making it an ideal day trip destination.
Transfers from Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO) to the park take about 1.5 to 2 hours.
By Air:
The closest international airport is Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO).
The closest domestic airport is Arusha Airport (ARK), which handles flights to other safari parks and Zanzibar.
Most visitors arrive at JRO and are transferred by road to Arusha city, from where they typically begin their safari to Arusha National Park or other Northern Circuit destinations.
8. Malaria & Safety – Arusha National Park
Malaria: The risk of malaria in Arusha National Park is generally considered low to moderate due to its higher altitude compared to other safari parks. However, it is still a risk area. It is highly recommended to consult your doctor or a travel clinic well in advance of your trip for advice on malaria prophylaxis (anti-malarial medication). In addition:
Use insect repellent containing DEET (or an effective natural alternative).
Wear long sleeves and trousers at dawn and dusk.
Sleep under mosquito nets if provided by your accommodation (though many Arusha hotels are not in high-risk zones for this).
Safety:
Wildlife: When on game drives or walking safaris, always follow your guide’s instructions implicitly. Do not exit the safari vehicle unless at designated safe areas and always with an armed ranger or guide.
Walking Safaris: If participating in a walking safari, you will always be accompanied by an armed TANAPA ranger for your safety. Adhere to their directions.
General Travel Safety: Crime against travelers is rare within the national park itself. In Arusha city, normal urban safety precautions should be taken (e.g., don’t walk alone at night in unlit areas, be aware of pickpockets in crowded markets).
Travel Insurance: Comprehensive travel insurance, including medical evacuation, is absolutely essential for any safari to Tanzania.
9. Accommodations – Arusha National Park
While there are limited accommodation options within Arusha National Park itself (primarily a TANAPA rest house and campsites), most visitors stay in Arusha city or the surrounding countryside.
Accommodation in Arusha City/Outskirts:
Budget: Arusha Backpackers Hotel, The White House, Maasai Camp.
Mid-range: Rivertrees Country Inn, Arusha Planet Lodge, Onsea House.
Luxury: Arusha Coffee Lodge, The Arusha Hotel, Gran Melia Arusha.
Within Arusha National Park:
Hatari Lodge: A luxury option located just outside the park’s boundaries, famous for its history and excellent wildlife viewing right from the lodge.
Ngurdoto Mountain Lodge: A large, established resort-style lodge located outside the park but with views towards it.
Public Campsites: Several public campsites are available within the park for budget camping safaris.
Rest Houses: TANAPA operates basic rest houses within the park.
10. Safari Packages – Arusha National Park
Arusha National Park is primarily visited as:
A Day Trip: This is the most common way to experience the park, especially for those with limited time or as a warm-up before a longer safari.
Part of a Longer Northern Circuit Safari: It’s often the first park visited on a multi-day itinerary (e.g., 4-7 days), before heading to Tarangire, Manyara, Ngorongoro, and the Serengeti.
Combination with Mount Meru Trekking: For those attempting to climb Mount Meru, the park serves as the base for the trek.
Safari packages are available for various traveler types:
Family Safaris: Arusha National Park is excellent for families, offering activities like walking safaris (children usually 6+), canoeing, and easier game drives. Many lodges around Arusha are family-friendly.
Honeymoon/Couple Safaris: Can be included as a relaxed start to a romantic trip, with luxury lodges offering intimacy and stunning views.
Luxury Safaris: High-end lodges in Arusha provide a comfortable base, and personalized tours of the park can be arranged.
Seniors Safaris: The gentle nature of the park and its accessibility make it suitable for seniors who prefer less strenuous activities.
Student/Budget Safaris: Day trips are very affordable, and public campsites offer a budget-friendly overnight option.
Mid-range Safaris: Numerous mid-range lodges in Arusha offer comfortable stays.
Packages typically include park fees, game drives in 4×4 vehicles, a professional safari guide, and sometimes walking or canoeing activities.
11. Packing List for Arusha National Park
Given the park’s diverse activities and often cooler climate due to altitude, here’s a specific packing list:
Clothing (Layers are Key):
Neutral Colors: Khaki, green, brown (avoid bright colors, white for game drives).
Long-sleeved shirts: 2-3 lightweight, breathable for sun protection, insect bites, and warmth.
T-shirts/Short-sleeved shirts: 2-3 for daytime.
Safari Trousers: 1-2 pairs, ideally convertible for walking safaris.
Warm Fleece/Sweater/Light Jacket: Essential for early mornings, evenings, and higher altitudes.
Rain Jacket/Poncho: Lightweight, especially during the wet season.
Footwear:
Comfortable Walking Shoes/Sneakers: Sturdy and well-broken-in, essential for walking safaris.
Sandals/Flip-Flops: For relaxing.
Socks: Several pairs.
Headwear & Eye Protection:
Wide-brimmed Hat: For sun protection.
Sunglasses: Essential for glare.
Health & Toiletries:
Personal Medications & Basic First-Aid Kit.
Insect Repellent (with DEET): Especially for walking safaris.
High SPF Sunscreen & Lip Balm with SPF.
Hand Sanitizer.
Photography & Electronics:
Camera with a versatile zoom lens: (e.g., 70-200mm or 100-400mm) for wildlife, and a wide-angle (e.g., 16-35mm) for landscapes.
Spare Batteries & Memory Cards.
Chargers & Universal Travel Adapter.
Binoculars: Highly recommended for birdwatching and spotting primates.
Headlamp/Flashlight: If staying at a remote camp or for early morning starts.
Miscellaneous:
Small Daypack/Backpack: For walking safaris and daily essentials.
Reusable Water Bottle.
Small Notebook & Pen.
